challenge. While our simulations show that budget consolidation can be done at a moderate pace in line with EU rules if those … the EU fiscal framework beyond its existing flexibility and the proposed green golden rule does not appear necessary in …

to political debates that emphasise the cost of EU spending rather than the benefits, and add to the perception of the EU … budget in terms of net balances, rather than value added. • The financing of the EU budget must be reassessed in the light of … the July 2020 decision to launch the Next Generation EU programme. Budget resources could include a plastics charge, a …

United States, especially, do not separate economic interests from geopolitical interests in the same way the EU does. They … considers how the EU and its member states can better protect European economic sovereignty in a range of areas, including state … area, we recommend ways to improve the EU’s capacity to wield economic power, without advocating increased protectionism or …

of EU cohesion policy. We found that the best-performing regions have on average projects with longer durations, fewer …. Interviews with stakeholders suggested that cohesion policy is the most evaluated of all EU policies and generates European value … leads to less-careful management of EU funds. The Performance Framework is seen as creating an additional layer of …

ways. Of the 13 countries that joined the EU between 2004 and 2013, seven have entered the euro area. Many faced similar …

discrepancies between EU countries: countries with the same levels of house-price overvaluation have adopted very different … the next recession or reducing its impact, we argue that EU policymakers need to be better prepared to use discretionary …

The European Green Deal is a plan to decarbonise the EU economy by 2050, revolutionise the EU's energy system … repercussions. The Green Deal will affect geopolitics through its impact on the EU energy balance and global markets; on oil and gas …-producing countries in the EU neighbourhood; on European energy security; and on global trade patterns, notably via the carbon border …

policymakers should set their sights on the second level, which we view as achievable within the current decade, requiring new EU …