policymakers should set their sights on the second level, which we view as achievable within the current decade, requiring new EU …

average (Romania, Portugal) in financial literacy rankings. The findings for the EU echo those that are also applicable to … consistently underperform in literacy tests. Financial literacy matters for the EU for three reasons: 1) in the face of rapidly … associated with the main elements of inclusive growth in the EU, namely poverty, inequality, social exclusion and social …

overall financial intermediation. In the EU, much of fintech is concentrated in the United Kingdom. We argue that policymakers … EU’s financial system? Getting the answers to these questions right at an early stage of market development would be an …

migration of financial firms from London to the EU27 (EU minus UK) to ensure they can continue to serve their EU27 clients. Four … major cities will host most of the new EU27 wholesale markets - Frankfurt, Paris, Dublin and Amsterdam. These cities have … three large French banks, will make up the core of the new EU27 wholesale markets. Some Dutch, Italian and Spanish banks are …

banking, insurance and securities and markets. New developments in the EU financial sector make this sectoral structure … increasingly out of date: •Brexit creates a need for strong EU-level wholesale market and conduct-of-business supervision to build … an integrated capital market for the EU27; •Mis-selling of bank bonds - that can be bailed in - to retail consumers has …