to political debates that emphasise the cost of EU spending rather than the benefits, and add to the perception of the EU … budget in terms of net balances, rather than value added. • The financing of the EU budget must be reassessed in the light of … the July 2020 decision to launch the Next Generation EU programme. Budget resources could include a plastics charge, a …

• The European Union's capital markets union (CMU) plan is in urgent need of a revamp. Because of Brexit, EU capital … mobilised by capital markets. • The eleven EU countries in central and south-eastern Europe which joined the EU in 2004 and … after (EU11) are particularly affected by the ongoing consolidation of exchanges, which has diminished liquidity in smaller …

United States, especially, do not separate economic interests from geopolitical interests in the same way the EU does. They … considers how the EU and its member states can better protect European economic sovereignty in a range of areas, including state … area, we recommend ways to improve the EU’s capacity to wield economic power, without advocating increased protectionism or …

insolvency regimes are beginning to attract a wider range of investors. An initiative by EU finance ministers to improve …

The European Green Deal is a plan to decarbonise the EU economy by 2050, revolutionise the EU's energy system … repercussions. The Green Deal will affect geopolitics through its impact on the EU energy balance and global markets; on oil and gas …-producing countries in the EU neighbourhood; on European energy security; and on global trade patterns, notably via the carbon border …

that lift firm productivity. The share of listed equity in the total balance sheets of EU non-financial companies has … advanced equity market; other EU countries are considerably less attractive to private equity investors, and there have been no … an obstacle and underline a reluctance to dilute the control of established owners. Private equity activity in the EU …

policymakers should set their sights on the second level, which we view as achievable within the current decade, requiring new EU …

-designing the European Union's relationship with its neighbourhood. Both acknowledge that EU enlargement is necessary, but also … emphasise that profound EU institutional reform is required beforehand, though deepening and widening the EU are complex … processes that veto players could block. The geopolitical challenges mean it is in the critical interest of the EU to bring …