to political debates that emphasise the cost of EU spending rather than the benefits, and add to the perception of the EU … budget in terms of net balances, rather than value added. • The financing of the EU budget must be reassessed in the light of … the July 2020 decision to launch the Next Generation EU programme. Budget resources could include a plastics charge, a …

concerns, the wide array of low-carbon technologies offers significant growth potential. Some EU countries have already been … able to develop a comparative advantage in wind turbines and electric vehicles, though the EU is less effective at …

United States, especially, do not separate economic interests from geopolitical interests in the same way the EU does. They … considers how the EU and its member states can better protect European economic sovereignty in a range of areas, including state … area, we recommend ways to improve the EU’s capacity to wield economic power, without advocating increased protectionism or …

for the EU. We argue that energy relations between the EU and Russia and between China and Russia influence each other. We … decade and their potential impact on Europe: 1. There is no direct competition between the EU and China for Russian oil and … gas; 2. China and the EU both have an interest in curbing excessive Russian energy rents; 3. The EU, Russia and China …

established for all sectors, by strengthening the EU emissions trading system (ETS) and by pushing EU countries to increase the … be prepared. However, such a measure will be extremely politically challenging, and the EU’s future climate policy should … for low-carbon exports and stricter environmental standards importers would have to comply with to access the EU market …