challenge. While our simulations show that budget consolidation can be done at a moderate pace in line with EU rules if those … the EU fiscal framework beyond its existing flexibility and the proposed green golden rule does not appear necessary in …

policymakers should set their sights on the second level, which we view as achievable within the current decade, requiring new EU …

We study whether and to what extent EU countries implement recommendations on macroeconomic imbalances given by the EU … also study how EU recommendations on addressing macroeconomic imbalances compare to recommendations given by the … International Monetary Fund. Overall implementation of recommendations by EU countries has worsened in the last few years, in …

from the EU of the United Kingdom - home to the EU’s main capital market centre - makes the project even more relevant …. Although integrating and deepening capital markets has been a long standing goal of the EU, actual progress has been limited … development of EU capital markets. Although the European Council has repeatedly underlined the CMU’s importance, only a few of …

countries are overrepresented. This is desired in the EU treaties. But the EU treaties also emphasise the importance of equality … and equal treatment of citizens by EU institutions. Inequality of representation in the European Parliament has been … representation and distribution of seats to countries. We do so within the constraints set by the EU treaties. • One option would be …

overall financial intermediation. In the EU, much of fintech is concentrated in the United Kingdom. We argue that policymakers … EU’s financial system? Getting the answers to these questions right at an early stage of market development would be an …

applicable to the use of public funds. The EU Bank Recovery and Resolution Directive (2014/59/EU) covers resolution, while … highlight how this two-tier framework raises important questions in the context of EU banking union. The first question is …