to political debates that emphasise the cost of EU spending rather than the benefits, and add to the perception of the EU … budget in terms of net balances, rather than value added. • The financing of the EU budget must be reassessed in the light of … the July 2020 decision to launch the Next Generation EU programme. Budget resources could include a plastics charge, a …

United States, especially, do not separate economic interests from geopolitical interests in the same way the EU does. They … considers how the EU and its member states can better protect European economic sovereignty in a range of areas, including state … area, we recommend ways to improve the EU’s capacity to wield economic power, without advocating increased protectionism or …

from the EU of the United Kingdom - home to the EU’s main capital market centre - makes the project even more relevant …. Although integrating and deepening capital markets has been a long standing goal of the EU, actual progress has been limited … development of EU capital markets. Although the European Council has repeatedly underlined the CMU’s importance, only a few of …

. The impact of the EU’s AML shortcomings has been further underlined by changing geopolitics and by the new reality of … European banking union. The EU legal framework combines a strong, enforceable single market with national AML supervision of … banks and other financial and non-financial firms in which the mechanisms to ensure EU-wide supervisory consistency are …

The depiction of the euro area/European Union (EU) as a "fourfold union" (financial union, fiscal union, economic union … (EMU). This framing of EMU and EU integration is inevitably simplistic but its four-part categorisation remains relevant … advanced further than many observers realise, even as national politics remain paramount for the vast majority of EU citizens …

The European Green Deal is a plan to decarbonise the EU economy by 2050, revolutionise the EU's energy system … repercussions. The Green Deal will affect geopolitics through its impact on the EU energy balance and global markets; on oil and gas …-producing countries in the EU neighbourhood; on European energy security; and on global trade patterns, notably via the carbon border …

EU subsidies remain far larger. However, there are important qualitative differences. Some IRA subsidies discriminate … against foreign producers while EU subsidies do not. IRA clean-tech subsidies are simpler and less fragmented, and they focus … forcing the reorganisation of supply chains, the IRA may make the EU and other economies more competitive relative to China …