challenge. While our simulations show that budget consolidation can be done at a moderate pace in line with EU rules if those … the EU fiscal framework beyond its existing flexibility and the proposed green golden rule does not appear necessary in …

to political debates that emphasise the cost of EU spending rather than the benefits, and add to the perception of the EU … budget in terms of net balances, rather than value added. • The financing of the EU budget must be reassessed in the light of … the July 2020 decision to launch the Next Generation EU programme. Budget resources could include a plastics charge, a …

• The European Union's capital markets union (CMU) plan is in urgent need of a revamp. Because of Brexit, EU capital … mobilised by capital markets. • The eleven EU countries in central and south-eastern Europe which joined the EU in 2004 and … after (EU11) are particularly affected by the ongoing consolidation of exchanges, which has diminished liquidity in smaller …

been hurt more than others. In response to the crisis, EU leaders have agreed on a Recovery and Resilience Fund (RFF …), which will help all EU countries, but those hit hardest will benefit most.This Policy Contribution explores why some … governance all play a significant role in explaining differences in economic losses in different EU countries. However, public …

European Commission's proposal to issue up to €750 billion in EU debt to finance its recovery plan is a step in the right … strong grip on revenues. To be politically sustainable, similar central control would be needed in the EU. The treaty …-based EU framework is the closest to fulfilling these criteria with political accountability through the European Parliament …

probability of a weak contractual outcome, given the dominance of politics over considerations of market efficiency. The EU will ….London will remain a global financial hub, even as EU companies move operations out of the UK, set up additional licences and … distribute activities across the EU. This will result in duplication and thus higher costs in both the UK and the EU as market …

whether the ECB measures are compatible with its price-stability mandate and with the limits set by the EU Treaties … the EU Treaties and the criteria set by the EU Court of Justice in its rulings on previous ECB asset purchase programmes …-offs. Dealing with these is a political task and the ECB should welcome some clear guidance from the European Parliament and EU …

pandemic hit, a substantial share of EU households reported that they would be unable to handle unexpected expenses. In some EU … countries, many households had savings equivalent to just a few weeks of basic consumption. • We find that one in three EU … measures put in place across the EU are intended to provide economic help to those households where members have lost jobs or …