The Late Middle Ages (c.1300–c.1500) saw the development of many of the key economic institutions of the modern unitary nation-state in Europe. After the ‘commercial revolution’ of the thirteenth century, taxes on trade became increasingly significant contributors to government finances,...

This book analyzes the various problems of growth, trade and public policy from the perspective of applied economics, based on research in areas such as public policies, trade and regulation, and development economics. Part 1 investigates the broad problems of growth and regional economy,...

Chapter 1: Introduction -- Chapter 2: Oil, Policy and Market Power -- Chapter 3: Looking at the Mirror: Early Days of the Oil Markets in the United States -- Chapter 4: From Competition to Monopoly -- Chapter 5: From Monopoly to Competition (Oil Markets Going Global) -- Chapter 6: Governments...

1. Prospects for China’s Economic Development During the 14TH Five-Year Plan Period -- 2.Prospects for China’s Energy Transition in a Carbon Neutrality Outlook by 2060 -- 3.Economic Growth and Energy Consumption: Four-dimensional Comparsion of Aggregate, Elasticity, Intensity and Structure...