unemployment and labour market exclusion. The main findings of the study are that low levels of education and working experience … unemployment and nonparticipation. There is also evidence of budget constraints that eventually lead to decreasing reservation … wages or increasing search intensity, as unemployment spells become very long. We discuss some policy implications of our …

In this paper we investigate whether unemployment traps exist and are significant in the transition from unemployment … periods of unemployment in the past is particularly important: long-term unemployed people have difficulties in re …-integrating the labour market and they obtain low salaries when they succeed in finding employment. Long unemployment spells are …