What is the impact of norms enacted by international organizations on the rights of foreigners in comtemporary Western Europe? In this article, I trace the process of the incorporation of European Court of Human Rights and European Court of Justice legal norms in the jurisprudence and policies...

The author wants to note that welfare reform is but one part of what is happening politically to gender relations, to women, and to poor mothers, even within the system of income support, in the United States. Of particular importance within income support is the Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC),...

Trade unions are understood to be losing a great part of their capacity of pressure and influence in post-fordist economies. This paper shows how the role played by the Spanish trade unions in the process of reform of the pension system has been very significant.

The turbolent 1990s have been a successful decade for Italy. Through an impressive sequence of reforms, this country has been able to put in order its battered public finances, to start an incisive modernization of its backward bureaucratic apparatus, its rigid labour market and its unbalanced...

The fundamental question of this contribution is : "How do citizenship systems increase the risks of social exclusion?" .

The paper constitutes the first detailed comparative study of Southern health care systems. It begins by analysing the reforms they underwent during the seventies and eighties, that is, the introduction of national health services in Italy, Portugal, Greece, and Spain. The second section of the...