After World War II, only a few developing countries were able to catch up to the real GDP per capita levels prevailing in developed countries. These successful countries in almost all cases were in Asia and did not follow the free-market doctrine in the tradition of the Washington Consensus....

In Marx's explanation of functional income distribution, wages are given as a basket of goods needed for the reproduction needs of the working class. Profits are then the remaining part of income creation. Marx's explanation of functional income distribution has several theoretical and practical...

An economy with a low stable medium-term growth rate given by ecological needs is only possible after a radical reform of the type of capitalism we have today. In an ecologically sustainable economic system, aggregate demand has to be controlled on a macroeconomic level. Of focal importance is...

Money in capitalism is a social force which exists not only on the level of wealth owners, but is also a force which stimulates economic development (or fails to do so). According to Hajo Riese the asset-protecting function of money, which can be expressed in a liquidity premium, indicates...