Summary The transnational solution developed by Bartlett and Ghoshal is shown to be suitable for only a few special cases of multinational enterprise (MNE) strategy and structure. As MNEs have most of their assets and sales within their home region, they are in need of regional, not...

We analyse the green strategies of six multinational enterprises subject to environmental regulations. In this framework we add government regulations as an explicit 'sixth force' to Porter's basic 'five forces' model. First, we distinguish between shifts in corporate strategy towards market...

This paper discusses the trans-European high-speed rail networks' (TERN) financing. The different goals of public and private investors are identified as these are critical to the development of a new form of integrated financing, whereby both public and private means are required. Government...

This article analyses recent strategic changes in the European flexible packaging industry. It demonstrates that the different forces driving international industry competition can always be translated into requirements for stronger integration or stronger national responsiveness. The flexible...

Liberalization of the EC banking industry presents both EC and non-EC banks with strategic predicaments. EC banks will face fewer shelter-based entry barriers, and will have to rely on competitive advantages to erect natural entry barriers. In contrast, non-EC banks will be forced to rethink...

Basic theory suggests that multinational enterprises (MNEs) succeed when they develop knowledge-based capabilities, often called firm-specific advantages (FSAs). In China's case its large MNEs have few such knowledge based FSAs. Instead, they are building scale economies based on China's...

There are 29 automotive firms in the world's largest 500 firms. Yet none of these are "global" firms, defined as having at least 20 per cent of their sales in each of the three regions of the broad "triad" of the E.U., North America and Asia. Indeed 23 of the 29 auto and auto parts firms are...

This paper uses the D'Cruz/Rugman Five Partners Model1 to show how France Telecom has effectively partnered with suppliers, customers, competitors, and the non-business infrastructure to develop France's telecommunications cluster. The Five Partners Model is a cooperation-based framework for...

This paper analyzes the regional characteristics and strategies of multinational enterprises (MNEs) in the world cosmetics and toiletries industry, based on the new work by Rugman on regional strategy. We test the proposition that MNEs may asymmetrically develop their upstream and downstream...