Integrated pest management has proved cost-effective in coping with crop pests. This article identifies characteristics of pests, controls and economic incentives that may make the development of an integrated joint pest management (IJPM) strategy – designed for simultaneous control of...

An agency model of contracts used in California's processing-tomato industry is estimated in three stages. We first estimate growers' stochastic production possibilities, and then, for a given vector of preference parameters, compute an optimal compensation schedule. Finally, we compare computed...