This paper studies the sovereign ratings of the current 19 euro area Member States from 2005 to 2015. It disentangles the rating drivers into a ‘fundamental' and ‘subjective' component using Moody's methodology, and explores which variables explain the ‘subjective' component, that is...

In this paper, we propose a time-varying parameter vector autoregression (VAR) model with stochastic volatility which allows for estimation on data sampled at different frequencies. Our contribution is two-fold. First, we extend the methodology developed by Cogley and Sargent (2005), and...