Children born at the end of the academic year have lower educational attainment, on average, than those born at the …

is explained by student background and subject mix. Based on a simple measure of parental income, we see that students … is competitive to enter, with some universities demanding very high entrance grades. Students specialise early … from higher income families have median earnings which are around 25% more than those from lower income families. Once we …

choices over the life cycle. We start by analyzing the theoretical impact of income changes on consumption - highlighting the … contributions, distinguishing between papers that use only income data and those that use both income and consumption data. The … and identify the income process or the information set of the individuals. Second, one can assume that the income process …