Germany and the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, and Slovakia (the CE4) have been in a process of deepening economic … integration which has lead to the development of a dynamic supply chain within Europe—the Germany-Central European Supply Chain … relatively small. This is explained by the supply chain nature of trade integration: final demand in Germany is not necessarily …

The paper assesses the price and wage flexibility in Hong Kong SAR. At the aggregate level, it compares Hong Kong SAR …

We examine the poverty rates and the income configurations among Japan and the LIS countries. The LIS countries are … Germany, Italy, the UK, Denmark, the US, and Taiwan. We divide household including elderly into five types: living alone … decreasing recently in Japan. In Japan and Taiwan even in households cohabiting with children, the poverty rates and income …