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How important is human capital at the top of the U.S. income distribution? A primary source of top income is private “pass-through” business profit, which can include entrepreneurial labor income for tax reasons. This paper asks whether top pass-through profit mostly reflects human capital,...
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in place. After a tax reform in 2005 that created strong incentives to retain earnings within businesses, the increase … was massive: accounting for earnings retained in the corporate sector leads to more than doubling of the share of income … of top 0.1% in some years. Furthermore, adjusting for retained earnings stabilizes the composition of the top income …
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We review studies of the impact of credit constraints on the accumulation of human capital. Evidence suggests that credit constraints are increasingly important for schooling and other aspects of households' behavior. We highlight the importance of early childhood investments, since their...
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China's rapid growth was fueled by substantial physical capital investments applied to a large stock of medium skilled labor acquired before economic reforms began. As development proceeded, the demand for high skilled labor has grown, and, in the past decade, China has made substantial...
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