We develop new quasi-experimental tools to measure racial discrimination, due to either racial bias or statistical … discrimination, in the context of bail decisions. We show that the omitted variables bias in observational release rate comparisons … due to racial discrimination. We then develop a hierarchical marginal treatment effects model to study the drivers of …

There is growing concern that the rise of algorithmic decision-making can lead to discrimination against legally … protected groups, but measuring such algorithmic discrimination is often hampered by a fundamental selection challenge. We … develop new quasi-experimental tools to overcome this challenge and measure algorithmic discrimination in the setting of …

, defined as a deviation from accurate statistical discrimination. Namely, the tests can reject that the decision-maker ranks …. The frontier of marginal effects can furthermore rule out canonical taste-based discrimination. I relate this analysis to … other interpretations of marginal outcome tests, other notions of racial discrimination, and recent identification …

discrimination can compound across multiple decision-makers …

Economics tends to define and measure discrimination as disparities stemming from the direct (causal) effects of … systemic (i.e. indirect) channels. For example, racial disparities in criminal records due to discrimination in policing can … for modeling and measuring both direct and systemic forms of discrimination. We define systemic discrimination as emerging …