We propose novel nonparametric estimators for stochastic volatility and the volatility of volatility. In doing so, we relax the assumption of a constant volatility of volatility and therefore, we allow the volatility of volatility to vary over time. Our methods are exceedingly simple and far...

The aim of this study was to investigate the Granger causality between geopolitical risk (GPR) sub-indices in order to examine the implications of geopolitical risk on ten agricultural commodities classified as softs or grains. The Granger causality test was used to determine the causal...

The aim of this study was to determine whether referendums affect stock price risks and returns, using an event study approach. Daily end period data for the Swiss stock market index, the STOXX European market index, and the Swiss/US exchange rate running from the beginning of 2004 to June 2021,...