European leaders debate the establishment of a "European Recovery Fund" (ERF). The ERF shall help the European economy to restart growth after the COVID-19 pandemic-related recession that is currently unfolding. Early national and European fiscal measures of anti-crisis policy have been focused...

In a joint initiative, the political leaders of France and Germany have proposed to set up a EUR 500 billion fund to support the recovery of the EU economy from the COVID-19 recession. The Recovery Fund (RF)shall be financed through the issuance of bonds by the European Commission. Repayments...

Over the last decade, the Eurosystem has become one of the crucial players in the market for euro area government bonds. After first substantive purchases through the Securities Market Programme (SMP) in 2010, the Eurosystem's involvement has reached a new breadth and magnitude with the...