can establish the overall pollution-reduction goal for a cap-and-trade system by setting the cap, and leave it up to the …

has given rise to unprecedented environmental pollution and CO2 emissions. While estimates of the embedded CO2 emissions …

is that the EKC is examined in the presence of pollution as a by product of consumption activities; also, pollution is a … environment, consumers do not consider directly pollution in the maximization problem and are assumed to choose between two … that substitution of dirty consumption with clean consumption alone is not sufficient to reduce environmental pollution …

delinking patterns across emissions. Trade expansion validates the pollution haven in some cases, but also show negative signs …