balanced view of both academics and policy circles. Section 2 discusses how to identify the sectors at a risk of carbon leakage …. Section 3 examines ex ante estimates of potential carbon leakage rates, and explains why they differ from ex post results of … environmental tax reforms and greenhouse gas emissions trading schemes that have been implemented in the European Union. Section 4 …

energy demand and CO2 emissions. Therefore, cities are the key to meeting its proposed carbon intensity target in 2020 and … difficulty in further carbon mitigation, inevitable emissions growth due to rising living standards, and coal-dominant energy … carbon a crucial step for China’s endeavor of harnessing the market forces to reduce its energy consumption and carbon …

Climate regulations tend to target energy intensive sectors whose products are widely used in industrial production as … intermediate inputs, such as electricity, and the carbon abatement may be partially offset by intermediate input-led leakage. This … paper aims to examine the impact of intermediate input linkage on the carbon leakage both theoretically and empirically. On …

efficiency-improving vertical innovation model where energy technological progress is specified as an improvement in primary … energy use efficiency. Then a variety-expanding horizontal innovation model is presented where energy technological progress …International diffusion of energy-saving technologies has received considerable attention in recent energy and climate …

International diffusion of advanced environment and energy-related technologies has received much attention in recent … energy productivity growth. We draw on the Solow growth model to build a benchmark exogenous framework to explore the basic … mechanism of energy technology diffusion. This exogenous model is then extended to a Romer-type endogenous one where the R …

) which focuses on the redirection of technical change by climate policies with research subsidies and a carbon tax. First … for carbon sinks and elasticity of substitution. We find that more realistic parameters lead to very different results …

International carbon offsets have been promoted since the Kyoto Protocol and an increasing number of countries have … restrictions. Those limits reflect the trade-off between economic efficiency, distributional issues, and the need for additionality …, the timing, and the participation in an international carbon market affect the macroeconomic costs of climate policy …

determinants. The empirical findings suggest that technical change is directed. Technical change tends to be more energy … energy and capital productivity whereas technical change for labour is positively related to education expenditure. Therefore …