Leaders of the Group of 20 nations tasked their energy and finance ministers to identify and phase-out fossil fuel subsidies …

the decision calculus for these activities in the direction of more efficient generation and use of energy, lower carbon …-intensity of energy, and – more broadly – a more carbon-lean economy. The only approach to doing this on a meaningful scale that …-and-trade, and clean energy standards. We note that the U.S. political response to possible market-based approaches to climate policy …

: carbon taxes, cap-and-trade, emission reduction credits, clean energy standards, and fossil fuel subsidy reductions …

because they are partly compensated by more technological change and energy market effects, although specific regional …