This paper examines the accuracy of estimates of corruption reported in business surveys by comparing reported experience of corruption in public procurement from Malagasy firms having won public contracts with a more objective measure of corruption in the sector using a red flag indicator of...

We propose an alternative two-step method to correct the bias in corruption indicators associated with the presence of reticent respondents in firm surveys. Our method uses indirect and direct questions on bribery payments. An indirect question is used to identify reticent respondents, which...