The first part of the paper explains the following notions: what a credit crunch is, causes of the credit crunch, current social issues related to the credit crunch, and effects that the credit crunch has had on the US economy. The second part entails the analysis of hypotheses and...

In this paper, we empirically assess how economic sanctions imposed by the UN and the US affect the target states’ GDP growth. Our sample includes 68 countries and covers the period 1976–2012. We find, first, that sanctions imposed by the UN have a statistically and economically significant...