Pan-European banks are starting to emerge, while arrangements for financial supervision and stability are still nationally rooted. This raises the issue who should bear the burden of any proposed recapitalisation should failures occur in large cross-border banks. A recapitalisation is efficient...

This paper analyses the degree of internationalisation of insurance business. Using a novel dataset of 25 large EU insurance groups, we find that the insurance industry has a strong international orientation. About 55 per cent of the business of these large insurance groups is conducted abroad....

Increasing integration within the European Union (EU) gives rise to cross-border spill-over effects or externalities. The present national based system of financial supervision does not incorporate theseexternalities. Assessing the degree of integration, we find that the EU has not yet a fully...

Against the backdrop of an integrating Europe, the debate on the need for European arrangements for financial supervision and stability is intensifying in the literature as well as in the policy arena. While there is a consensus that the need for European arrangements ultimately depends on the...

This paper investigates whether monetary policy and banking supervision should be separated, or not. It starts with an account of the historical evolution of the Central Banks micro-function (banking supervision). The role of the lender of last resort and the introduction of deposit insurance is...

Mainstream macro-models have assumed away financial frictions, in particular default. The minimum addition in order to introduce financial intermediaries, money and liquidity into such models is the possibility of default. This, in turn, requires that institutions and price formation mechanisms...

No Abstract is available.

Busts after periods of prolonged prosperity have been found to be catastrophic. Financial institutions increase their leverage and shift their portfolios towards projects that were previously considered too risky. This results from institutions rationally updating their expectations and becoming...

Neither the achievement of price stability, via the MPC, nor the application of micro-prudential oversight, via the FSA, led to overall financial stability. There is a gap that needs to be filled by a macro-prudential authority (M-PA), FPC in the UK. The only macro-prudential instrument used...