year introduced a new element of macroprudential regulation called countercyclical buffers, variable capital requirements …

Capital structure theories seek to explain why businesses choose different mixes of debt and equity to finance their … which banks needed to raise capital. The preference banks have shown for issuing preferred shares in the private market in … favor of government financing can be viewed through the lenses of capital structure theories. …

Financial institutions are increasingly using economic capital models to help determine the amount of capital they need … to absorb unexpected losses. These models typically aggregate capital based on business-level analysis. However …, important challenges surround this aggregation as well as other aspects of these models. Supervisors could use these capital …

A key ingredient of an economic recovery is a pickup in household spending supported by increased consumer debt. As the … current economic recovery has struggled to take hold, household debt levels have grown little. Some evidence indicates that … households adjusted debt in line with house price movements in their local markets. However, the data show that consumer debt …