year introduced a new element of macroprudential regulation called countercyclical buffers, variable capital requirements …

Capital structure theories seek to explain why businesses choose different mixes of debt and equity to finance their … which banks needed to raise capital. The preference banks have shown for issuing preferred shares in the private market in … favor of government financing can be viewed through the lenses of capital structure theories. …

Financial institutions are increasingly using economic capital models to help determine the amount of capital they need … to absorb unexpected losses. These models typically aggregate capital based on business-level analysis. However …, important challenges surround this aggregation as well as other aspects of these models. Supervisors could use these capital …