This paper reviews the German miners' model of mutual insurance from its introduction in 1854 to its basic reformation … and permanent invalidity or death of the bread-winner. The carriers of the insurance scheme, the Knappschaften, date back …-age insurance. This paper aims to establish the Knappschaft insurance's main characteristics in the period under consideration …

This paper investigates the impact of insurance contract design on the behavior of filing fraudulent claims in an … experimental setup. We test how fraud behavior varies for insurance contracts with full coverage, a straight deductible or variable … extent of claim build-up compared to full coverage contracts. In contrast, bonus-malus contracts with variable insurance …