In Pakistan Labor unions‘ is least researched area. Labor unions in Pakistan have been attributed with securing financial benefits for their members through collective bargaining. But unions have also been exerting efforts for securing non-financial benefits for workers in the form of: Job...

According to definition of labor unions, they have always been attributed with securing financial and non-financial benefits for their members through collective bargaining. But unions have also been playing role beyond collective bargaining for state and employer in: increasing productivity or...

Eighteenth century witnessed the industrial revolution, which paved the way to change the human society from agrarian to industrialized society. It not only changed the scale and methods but the whole pattern of the manufacturing. Big factories replaced individual handicrafts wherein workers...

HRD is an important topic of present time. It is considered by management professionals as sub discipline of HRM, but many researchers have broadened the scope and integrated the concept of HRD by looking it from socioeconomic angle and giving it other dimensions such as physical, intellectual,...

HRD is an important topic of present time. It is considered by management professionals, as sub discipline of HRM, but many researchers have, broadened the scope and integrated the concept of HRD by looking it from socioeconomic angle and giving it other dimension such as physical, intellectual,...

Labor unions are the organization which by definition have function of only struggling to secure benefits for their members, such as financial gains like rise of wages, bonuses, various allowances insurance benefits, overtime payment and non financial bene fits such as job security, comfortable...

The US decision not to ratify the Kyoto Protocol and the recent outcomes of the Bonn and Marrakech Conferences of the Parties drastically reduce the effectiveness of the Kyoto Protocol in controlling GHG emissions. The reason is not only the reduced emission abatement in the US, but also the...

Recent research in the field of network economics has shown how explicitly modelling the network structure of social and economic relations can provide significant theoretical insights, as well as account for previously unexplained empirical evidence. Despite their critical importance to many...

Recent research in the field of network economics has shown how explicitly modelling the network structure of social and economic relations can provide significant theoretical insights, as well as account for previously unexplained empirical evidence. Despite their critical importance to many...

The US decision not to ratify the Kyoto Protocol and the recent outcomes of the Bonn and Marrakech Conferences of the Parties drastically reduce the effectiveness of the Kyoto Protocol in controlling GHG emissions. The reason is not only the reduced emission abatement in the US, but also the...