We geocode a data set of patents and their citation counts, including citations from abroad. This allows us to examine both the quantity and quality of local inventions. We also refine our data on local academic R&D to explore effectsnfrom different fields of science and sources of R&D funding....

This paper presents a model of sequential innovation in which industry structure is endogenous and a standard of patentability determines the proportion of all inventions that qualify for protection (in U.S. patent law this standard is called nonobviousness; in Europe it is called the inventive...