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Most evaluations of public works programs in developing countries study their effects on poverty reduction and other labor market outcomes (job creation, earnings, and participation). However, very few look at other collateral effects, such as the incidence of violence. Between 2009 and 2014, El...
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This article introduces the metaphor of the iceberg in the labour market. While policy in most OECD countries has historically focussed on reducing unemployment (the tip of the iceberg), the group of inactive people (below the waterline) is much larger. Therefore, we point to the clear...
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employment and earnings of women, there is little evidence focusing on the post-communist region. This paper exploits the latest … towards women, as well as household decision-making as potential explanations. We find that small children decrease the … probability of female employment relative to women with no small children. In particular, women with two children aged one to six …
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