This paper discusses various concepts of unemployment rate benchmarks that are frequently used by policymakers for … particular, we propose two broad categories of unemployment rate benchmarks: (1) a longer-run unemployment rate expected to … prevail after adjusting to business cycle shocks and (2) a stable-price unemployment rate tied to inflationary pressures. We …

We investigate the connection between commodity price shocks and unemployment in advanced resource-rich small open … estimates suggest a one basis point decline in the unemployment rate and at its peak a 0.3% increase in unfilled vacancies. We … workers to rise. As a result, unemployment falls, even if employment in the commodity-producing sector is negligible. For …

emphasis on their evolution over the business cycle. Blacks have substantially higher and more cyclical unemployment rates than … comparatively higher risk of job loss. In contrast, the Hispanic-white unemployment rate gap is comparatively small and is largely …