"This paper extends the basic pecking order model of Shyam-Sunder and Myers by separating the effects of financing surpluses, normal deficits, and large deficits. Using a panel of US firms over the period 1971-2005, we find that the estimated pecking order coefficient is highest for surpluses...

We present the results of an international survey of 313 European CFOs on capital budgeting, cost of capital, capital structure, and corporate governance. We find that although large firms often use present value techniques and the capital asset pricing model to assess the feasibility of an...