The bankruptcy codes of the United States, the United Kingdom and Germany differ concerning who is permitted to control the debtor in bankruptcy and as to the ability of the debtor to arrange new financing while in bankruptcy. This study compares the efficiency of these three bankruptcy codes...

"This paper derives a tax-adjusted discount rate formula with a constant proportion leverage policy, investor taxes, and risky debt. The result depends on an assumption about the treatment of tax losses in default. We identify the assumption that justifies the textbook approach of discounting...