Background: For over 40 years, the franchise ownership redirection hypothesis has attracted the attention of many scholars. This study, differing from previous ones, proposes an alternative approach for this hypothesis using a real options framework with the extension of agency theory. Method:...

Background: We investigated the determination of the pledged loan-to-value ratio in an optionpricing environment and mainly articulated the theoretical framework and analytical method. Methods: The basic idea is that the present value of the pledged loan payoff is equal to a put option’s...

This article addresses the problem of pricing European options when the underlying asset is not perfectly liquid. A liquidity discounting factor as a function of market-wide liquidity governed by a mean-reverting stochastic process and the sensitivity of the underlying price to market-wide...

The recently developed Bitcoin futures and options contracts in cryptocurrency derivatives exchanges mark the beginning of a new era in Bitcoin price risk hedging. The need for these tools dates back to the market crash of 1987, when investors needed better ways to protect their portfolios...

Background: This study develops a new model called J-am for pricing American options and for determining the related early exercise boundary (EEB). This model is based on a closed-form solution J-formula for pricing European options, defined in the study by Jerbi (Quantitative Finance,...

In the FinTech era, we contribute to the literature by studying the pricing of Bitcoin options, which is timely and important given that both Nasdaq and the CME Group have started to launch a variety of Bitcoin derivatives. We fnd pricing errors in the presence of market smiles in Bitcoin...

Since Markowitz proposed modern portfolio theory, portfolio optimization has been being a classic topic in financial engineering. Although it is generally accepted that options help to improve the market, there is still an improvement for the portrayal of their unique properties in portfolio...

The yield on the 10-year U.S. Treasury Note is among the most cited interest rates by investors, policymakers, and fnancial institutions. We show that the 10-year Treasury yield's forward-looking volatility, a VIX-style measure that is a proxy for uncertainty about future interest rates, is a...