increase retirement savings. However, gauging the relative efficacy of these approaches is challenging because the supporting … rates, active choice, and automatic enrollment) designed to increase retirement savings. Consistent with previous literature …, we find sizable effects of savings interventions on participation and cumulative contributions that increase with the …

savings are smaller than the short-run effects, with some savings financed via debt. I also review efforts to expand access to … employer-based retirement savings and liquid savings, the pros and cons of target date funds as default investment options …