Like in all countries in transition, the tax as well as the transfer system have been under serious reform pressures. The socialistic systems were not able to fulfill the necessary functions in providing a certain degree of redistribution and social security, which are inevitable for social...

Industrial policy measures can be a reasonable supplement to economic and social policy actions during the period of transformation of centrally planned economies. This paper shows the interplay between industrial and social policy. Special attention is given to the timing and sequencing of the...

Previous papers in this Special Series, have described in detail the theoretical background and development patterns, along with some empirical results, for the privatisation processes in Bulgaria and Poland. A range of issues have been raised which demand closer empirical investigation. For...

The study presents estimates and analyses of the social expenditure in Poland. Changes which occurred during the transformation period are a reflection of consciously launched political transformations as well as decisions taken as a result of current needs and political pressures. This has an...

Infolge der Veränderungen der politischen, wirtschaftlichen und rechtlichen Rahmenbedingungen hat sich in der ostdeutschen Landwirtschaft ein erheblicher Strukturwandel vollzogen. Zwar ist die Zahl der landwirtschaftlichen Unternehmen infolge von Neugründungen, Teilungen und Auslagerungen von...

The economy in Poland has changed tremendously in recent years. Agricultural enterprises can defend their market share only if they are able to adjust quickly and efficiently to new circumstances. The most effective strategy to cope with changing operating conditions is a strategy of permanent...

In centrally planned economies state subsidies were the main instrument of supporting the economic sector. Most of them had also social functions (e.g. through subsidising the consumption of households). In the period of transition, with the withdraw all of the state from economic decisions of...

The submitted paper is discussing the role of labour in the restructuring process of agricultural enterprises as apart of the transition process towards a market economy. A concept for the measurement of lacks in efficiency is formulated on the background of the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA)....

This paper presents results from a survey of industrial policy of the state and the social security system at the corporate level in Poland. Previous reports in this area indicated preferable directions of research to be taken in order to prove various hypotheses of the purposefulness of an...

After promising beginnings towards transformation, in 1991 the Bulgarian economy fell into deep crisis in the period from 1995 to 1997. Social policy, already overstrained due to the demands of transition, was unable to cope effectively with the rapidly spreading state of emergency. The...