The recognition that trade unions are more likely to be concerned with the level of post-tax real wages of their members, rather than simply the gross wage, has led to a great deal of debate concerning the use of tax policy to affect the supply side of the economy in addition to the more...

This paper considers the use of fees versus the use of taxation for the finance of higher education in a framework that pays special attention to some of the interdependencies involved. In particular, the use of subsidies, in the form of a higher education grant to students, involves, via the...

This paper examines the relationship between the cross-sectional and lifetime income distributions using a simple model of relative income mobility. It asks whether cross-sectional comparisons between countries can provide a good indication of lifetime inequality differences if income mobility...

This paper examines the question of whether indirect tax rates should be uniform, using four different modelling strategies. First, marginal tax reform is examined. This is concerned with the optimal direction of small changes in effective indirect tax rates and requires considerably less...

from the combustion of fossil fuels, has led to proposals for non-market mechanisms such as regulation, and market mechanisms such as tradable emissions permits and carbon taxes, in order to reduce emissions. Market methods are usually preferred in terms of efficiency, and the carbon tax is...

This paper provides estimates of individual and aggregate revenue elasticities of income and consumption taxes in the UK over the period 1989-2000. Its shows how budgetary changes, including changes to income-related deductions, have substantially affected income elasticities. The estimates of...

Governments in many developed economies provide private pension plans with significant taxation incentives. However, as many retirement income systems are now being reviewed due to demographic, social and economic pressures, these taxation arrangements are also under scrutiny. This paper...