What makes independent directors perform their monitoring duty? One possible reason is that they are concerned about being sanctioned by regulators if they do not monitor sufficiently well. Using unique features of the Chinese financial market, we estimate the extent to which independent...

Product price risk is a potentially important factor for firms' liquidity management. A natural place to evaluate the impact of this risk on liquidity management is the electricity industry, since producing firms face substantial price volatility in wholesale markets. Empirically, higher...

How does global warming affect firms' activities? We consider this issue from the perspective of theelectricity producing industry. Warmer temperatures increase the demand for air conditioning, the use of which fluctuates substantially over time, making investments in “flexible” power plants...