rural incomes in China. Current literature based on analyses of rural income volatility in China decomposes poverty into … poverty gap attributable to mean income over time being below the poverty line. Resulting estimates of 40-50 % transient … urban-rural income gap on which much of current poverty debate in China focuses. Since an uncertain income stream is worth …

This study examines a wide range of health and economic outcomes in a sample of Irish- and African-American Civil War …

inequality and the growth of both income and population, once we control for the initial distribution of skills. What determines … poverty, but today, inequality is more strongly linked to the presence of the wealthy. Inequality in skills can explain about … one third of the variation in income inequality, and that skill inequality is itself explained by historical schooling …

between health resources and income (taken as a proxy for productivity). In particular we determine the efficient level of the … get the same health care. Quantitatively, we find that the amount of inequality across the income distribution in the data …In this paper we study the efficient allocation of health resources across individuals. We focus on the relation …

The author addresses two issues. First, how can health inequalities be measured so as to take into account policymakers … information on health inequality be combined with information on the mean of the relevant distribution to obtain an overall … measure of health "achievement?" Applying the approach developed by Wagstaff shows how much worse some countries perform when …

occupations and whether to commute to work or work from home, to maximize their income and minimize their fear of infection …-imposed lock-downs may not present a clear trade-off between GDP and public health, as commonly believed, even though its immediate …

parental resources during our upbringing that can be influenced by public policy? We study the formation of adult health and … biological and adopting parents. We find that the health of the biological parents affects the health of their adopted children …-term health. However, we also find strong evidence that the educational attainment of the adopting mother has a significant impact …

We measure health inequality during middle and old age by race, ethnicity, and gender and evaluate the extent to which … it can explain inequalities in other key economic outcomes using the Health and Retirement Study data set. Our main … measure of health is frailty, which is the fraction of one's possible health deficits and is related to biological age. We …

service on health and income. This research has shown that effects of veteran status on mortality and earnings that appeared …

, unemployment, incarceration, health, and so on. This chapter contains three themes. First, relative to the 20th century, the …