Over the last years, numerous national governments as well as the European Union have initiated so-called missions to guide transformation processes and tackle grand challenges, such as climate change, digitalization and an aging society. Previous research on mission-oriented innovation...

Estimating the economic returns to public science investments has been a key topic in economics. However, while in particular microeconomic approaches have been proposed, only a few studies have tried estimating the macroeconomic effects of public science investments. In this paper, we propose a...