Neither market income nor consumption expenditure provides an adequate picture of individual standard of living. It is … polarization effects of parental child care where compensation/substitution of time for parental child care versus income is … multidimensional polarization intensity information for the poor and the rich and disentangles the single time and income contribution …

income comparisons against a wide range of potential comparison groups, enabling us to investigate a broader range of … subjects to report (a) how their income compares to various groups, such a co-workers, friends, and neighbours, and (b) how … important these income comparisons are to them. We find substantial gender differences, with income comparisons being much …

This study provides new evidence on top income shares in Germany from the period of industrialization to the present …. Income concentration was high in the nineteenth century, dropped sharply after World War I and during the hyperinflation … II, German top income shares returned to 1920s levels. The German pattern stands in sharp contrast to developments in …

public and private sources. The aim is to establish how social benefits, and the taxes needed to finance them, affect income …-data and microsimulation models to illustrate the influence of market income patterns, household structures and social … protection measures on the income distribution among and between different age groups. We use information from the late 1990s to …

This paper offers a descriptive portrait of income poverty among children in Germany between the early 1980s and 2001 …