rich individual-level data from the quarterly Labor Force Surveys. We find that the lockdown increases the unemployment …

on the evolution of unemployment as well as inactivity across European countries. Indeed, previous crises have typically … lead not only to more unemployment but also to larger numbers of discouraged unemployed and thus more inactivity. It … experienced higher unemployment. In many other countries, unemployment and inactivity remained remarkably stable despite covid-19. …

of unemployment and wages or wage incomes. Participation rates and migrations are also touched upon. An expectation that … equilibrium values of relative wages and rates of unemployment after a business cycle. …

Wages are only mildly cyclical, implying that shocks to labour demand have a larger short-run impact on unemployment …

unemployment and maximum employment approaches; and the unfilled vacancies perspective. Furthermore, we provide and discuss …