An aspect of the Covid-19 pandemic that merits attention is its effects on marriage and childbirth. Although the direct … lockdown, such as that imposed in Pakistan from March 14 to May 8 2020, and the closure of marriage halls that lasted till … Pakistan where birth rates remain high, marriage is nearly universal, and almost all child- bearing takes place within marriage …

of marriage-related tax-benefit instruments on the labour supply of married couples. For each married partner, we … estimate their individual marginal effective tax rate and net replacement rate before and after marriage. We show that the … marriage bonus, which is economically significant in eight European countries, decreases the work incentives for women and …

show substantial bonuses for married couples and four exhibit marriage penalties. On a micro level, we find that these … marriage bonuses/penalties differ substantially across household types and income. From a policy point of view, our results … suggest that the abolishment of marriage-related tax-benefit components in countries with marriage bonuses would leave some …