informal and formal workers, both at the means and along the wage distribution. I use two definitions of informal employment: a …) employment without a written agreement and b) employment while officially registered as unemployed at a labour office. In order … to reduce the bias resulting from the non-random selection of individuals into informal employment, I use a rich set of …

immigrants already employed, while the marginal effect on average firm wages is positively associated with the share of immigrant …

, we test for the effects of mandatory military service on wages; employment; marriage/partnership status; and satisfaction …

refugees and other migrants and compare the employment probability gap between refugees, other migrants, and natives. I also … examine whether refugees have a lower employment outcome than other migrants and to what extent the level of education …, language proficiency, health status, years since migration, and cohort effects explain the employment gap between the refugees …