Correspondence tests have been used by scholars and civil rights organizations to measure ethnic discrimination. In … contrast to research testing covering a whole market through many discrimination tests, litigation testing typically targets a … methodological challenges to disentangle systematic discrimination from random treatment. This study examines from a purely …

discrimination over the lifecycle. We show race discrimination against prime-age black job applicants that diminishes into middle age … time on younger black resumes, suggesting they use negative heuristics or taste-based discrimination. Screeners demonstrate … levels-based statistical discrimination, believing that younger black applicants have worse computer skills and more gaps in …

There have been over 80 field experiments on traditional dimensions of discrimination in labor and housing markets … since 2000, in 23 countries. These studies nearly always find evidence of discrimination against minorities. However, the … estimates of discrimination in these studies can be biased if there is differential variation in the unobservable determinants …