transformation in Africa, focusing on sectoral output shares, sectoral employment shares, and the relative labour productivity of … product growth and population density reduce unemployment and non-employment. …

1994. Over the period 2001-12 employment within the primary sectors collapsed, employment in the manufacturing sector did … not increase, while employment in the tertiary sectors such as financial services and community services grew. High- and …

We present new evidence on the effects of South Africa's Employment Tax Incentive (ETI), a hiring and employment wage …-level youth employment, though some important caveats apply. Our results prompt a re-evaluation of the (sometimes contradictory …) existing literature on the employment effects of the ETI: we judge that, in light of our findings, there is insufficient …

dimension of employment. By exploiting rich micro-level data on Ethiopian workers, we evaluate the effect of the Ethiopian trade … reforms on the changes and composition of employment, adopting as unit of analysis Ethiopian districts. We find that districts … more exposed to trade liberalization experienced reductions in their employment levels, especially in female employment. We …

builds on the existing literature on the effect of marriage on women's employment in MENA. Besides examining how different … in the extent to which self-employment after marriage is available to women to compensate for the reduction in wage … employment opportunities. …

This paper investigates the effect of innovation on employment growth at the firm level in South Africa. Innovation is …, the link between innovation and employment is more ambiguous. R&D targeted towards product innovation has been typically … associated with employment growth. Process innovations may have a positive effect, but also have the potential to reduce the …

gaps in employment and earnings. We find that women have notably lower employment rates and earnings than men, even though … earnings gaps are higher in self-employment than in wage employment. Tertiary education and urban location account for a large … part of the gender earnings gap and mitigate high female propensity to self-employment. Our findings suggest that policies …