. We undertake an empirical analysis and find that immigration has contributed to reducing inequality within the 25 EU … countries over the 2003-2017 period. As the EU attracted relatively highly qualified immigrants throughout this period, our …

investigations on the effects of immigration from new EU member states and Eastern Partnership countries on the economies of old EU … EU member states on old member states’ GDP, GDP per capita, and employment rate and a negative effect on output per …-to-labor ratio. These results mark an economic success of the EU enlargements and EU’s free movement of workers. …

Across European Union (EU) labor markets, immigrant and native populations exhibit disparate labor market outcomes …. Using a longitudinal model based on individual-level EU LFS and country-level DEMIG POLICY and POLMIG databases, we explore … variation in changes of immigration and integration policies across Western EU member states to study how they are associated …