gaps in employment and earnings. We find that women have notably lower employment rates and earnings than men, even though … earnings gaps are higher in self-employment than in wage employment. Tertiary education and urban location account for a large … part of the gender earnings gap and mitigate high female propensity to self-employment. Our findings suggest that policies …

using unique Swedish employeremployee data shows that the observed wage gap between established refugees and comparable … same characteristics as the refugees, using panel data for 2003-2013 to capture unobserved heterogeneity. …

using unique Swedish employer-employee data shows that the observed wage gap between established refugees and comparable … same characteristics as the refugees, using panel data for 2003-2013 to capture unobserved heterogeneity. …

that refugees perform better than natives at the median wage, controlling for individual and firm characteristics. This …

. This paper investigates how the access to finance affects employment in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Sub … the firm's size in terms of employment depends on the access to credit. Under the financial market imperfections, access … to credit can be a binding constraint on firm entry and employment even when the banks have sufficient liquidity. Using …